Acetone
A solven often used in the manufacture of nail polish removers. These types of solvents (i.e., methyl butyl, and amyl) are also used to chemically extract oils from herbs and in other cosmetic areas. They are toxic.
Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone), is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is the simplest and smallest ketone (>C=O). It is a colorless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odour.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Acetone
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Propan-2-one | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
2-Propanone | |||
Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| 3DMet | |||
| 635680 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.602 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 1466 | |||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Acetone | ||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1090 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| C3H6O | |||
| Molar mass | 58.080 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Odor | Pungent, irritating, floral, cucumber-like | ||
| Density | 0.7845 g/cm3 (25 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −94.7 °C (−138.5 °F; 178.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 56.05 °C (132.89 °F; 329.20 K) | ||
| Miscible | |||
| Solubility | Miscible in benzene, diethyl ether, methanol, chloroform, ethanol | ||
| log P | −0.16 | ||
| Vapor pressure |
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| Acidity (pKa) |
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| −33.78·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.3588 (VD = 54.46) | ||
| Viscosity | 0.295 mPa·s (25 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| Trigonal planar at C2 | |||
| Dihedral at C2 | |||
| 2.91 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
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125.45 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
200.4 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
(−250.03) – (−248.77) kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−1.772 MJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Mildly toxic | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
 
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| Danger | |||
| H225, H302, H319, H336, H373 | |||
| P210, P235, P260, P305+P351+P338 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K) | ||
| 465 °C (869 °F; 738 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 2.6–12.8% | ||
Threshold limit value (TLV)
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1185 mg/m3 (TWA), 2375 mg/m3 (STEL) | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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LC50 (median concentration)
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20,702 ppm (rat, 8 h) | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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45,455 ppm (mouse, 1 h) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 250 ppm (590 mg/m3) | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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2500 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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| Supplementary data page | |||
| Acetone (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important organic solvent in its own right, in industry, home, and laboratory. About 6.7 million tonnes were produced worldwide in 2010, mainly for use as a solvent and production of methyl methacrylate (and from that PMMA) as well as bisphenol A. It is a common building block in organic chemistry. Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner. It has volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt status in the United States.
Acetone is produced and disposed of in the human body through normal metabolic processes. It is normally present in blood and urine. People with diabetic ketoacidosis produce it in larger amounts. Ketogenic diets that increase ketone bodies (acetone, β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid) in the blood are used to counter epileptic attacks in infants and children who suffer from refractory epilepsy.
