Mannitol
Mannitol, in the context of skincare, is a sugar alcohol derived from plants that serves multiple beneficial roles in cosmetic formulations. Recognized for its humectant properties, Mannitol effectively attracts and retains moisture in the skin, helping to maintain hydration levels and prevent dryness. This ingredient stands out for its ability to stabilize cosmetic products and protect them against moisture loss, thereby enhancing the skin’s natural barrier function.
Moreover, Mannitol acts as an antioxidant, safeguarding the skin from oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants and UV radiation. By neutralizing free radicals, it contributes to the prevention of premature aging, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion. Its gentle nature makes it suitable for use in a wide range of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks, catering to individuals with sensitive skin. Mannitol’s inclusion in skincare formulations not only boosts hydration but also supports skin health by minimizing the appearance of fine lines and providing a soothing effect on irritated skin.
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure. Medically, it is given by injection or inhalation. Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.
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| Trade names | Osmitrol, Bronchitol, others |
| Other names | d-Mannitol, mannite, manna sugar |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration | Intravenous, By mouth |
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| Bioavailability | ~7% |
| Metabolism | Liver, negligible |
| Elimination half-life | 100 minutes |
| Excretion | Kidney: 90% |
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| E number | E421 (thickeners, ...) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.647 |
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| Formula | C6H14O6 |
| Molar mass | 182.172 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects from medical use include electrolyte problems and dehydration. Other serious side effects may include worsening heart failure and kidney problems. It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy. Mannitol is in the osmotic diuretic family of medications and works by pulling fluid from the brain and eyes.
The discovery of mannitol is attributed to Joseph Louis Proust in 1806. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally made from the flowering ash and called manna due to its supposed resemblance to the Biblical food. Mannitol is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs.
