Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g/mol respectively, 100 g of NaCl contains 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In its edible form, salt (also known as table salt) is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride crystals in a form of halite
Crystal structure with sodium in purple and chloride in green
Names
IUPAC name Sodium chloride
Other names Common salt halite rock salt saline table salt regular salt sea salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	7647-14-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3534976
ChEBI	CHEBI:26710 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200574 N
ChemSpider	5044 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.726
EC Number	231-598-3
Gmelin Reference	13673
KEGG	D02056 Y
MeSH	Sodium+chloride
PubChem CID	5234
RTECS number	VZ4725000
UNII	451W47IQ8X Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3021271
InChI InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-REWHXWOFAE
SMILES [Na+].[Cl-]
Properties
Chemical formula	NaCl
Molar mass	58.443 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless cubic crystals
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.17 g/cm3
Melting point	800.7 °C (1,473.3 °F; 1,073.8 K)
Boiling point	1,465 °C (2,669 °F; 1,738 K)
Solubility in water	360 g/1000 g pure water at T = 25 °C
Solubility in ammonia	21.5 g/L at T = ?[clarification needed]
Solubility in methanol	14.9 g/L at T = ?[clarification needed]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−30.2·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.5441 (at 589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	Face-centered cubic (see text), cF8
Space group	Fm3m (No. 225)
Lattice constant	a = 564.02 pm
Formula units (Z)	4
Coordination geometry	octahedral at Na+ octahedral at Cl−
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	50.5 J/(K·mol)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	72.10 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−411.120 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 0 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3 g/kg (oral, rats)
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium fluoride Sodium bromide Sodium iodide Sodium astatide
Other cations	Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Francium chloride
Supplementary data page
Sodium chloride (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references