Peroxynitrite

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Peroxynitrite is a highly reactive nitrogen-containing oxidant formed when superoxide anion reacts with nitric oxide, a signaling molecule normally involved in regulating blood flow and immune function. This reaction happens extremely quickly, and because it consumes nitric oxide in the process, excessive peroxynitrite formation can disrupt normal nitric oxide signaling in addition to causing direct oxidative damage. Peroxynitrite is capable of damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA, and it has a particular tendency to modify tyrosine residues in proteins through a process called nitration, which can impair protein function. It is considered part of the broader category of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) rather than pure reactive oxygen species (ROS), though the two categories overlap and interact extensively in oxidative stress pathways. Because peroxynitrite forms from the combination of superoxide and nitric oxide, conditions that increase both of these simultaneously, such as inflammation, tend to be particularly favorable for peroxynitrite generation and its associated tissue damage.

Peroxynitrite (Wikipedia)
Peroxynitrite
Chemical structure of the peroxynitrite anion
Names
IUPAC name
Oxido nitrite
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
674445
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1-4-3/h3H/p-1
    Key: CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • N(=O)O[O-]
Properties
NO3
Molar mass 62.005 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Reactions of peroxynitrite leading to either apoptotic or necrotic cell death

Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite) is an ion with the formula ONOO. It is a structural isomer of nitrate, NO
3
. Peroxynitrite is a potent reactive nitrogen species and is highly cytotoxic.

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